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Water concerns bring together group
Mar 11, 2009 (The Garden City Telegram - McClatchy-Tribune Information Services via COMTEX) --
Think of water like budgeting and spending -- you can't take out more than you have in checking and still expect money to be there.
Nolan Clark, laboratory director for the Conservation and Production Research Laboratory through the U.S. Department of Agriculture at Bushland, Texas, said the main issue is that areas in western Kansas and the Texas panhandle are pumping more water out than is recharging the Ogallala Aquifer. The excess pumping has made the aquifer no longer sustainable.
It's not exactly a new problem, but one Clark and other scientists, researchers and local water experts have been working on for five years through the Ogallala Aquifer Program, and before that, as well.
The goal, Clark said Tuesday during the Ogallala Aquifer Program annual workshop in Garden City, is to lessen that decline. After having finished five years of research, the group is working on how to disseminate the information to the public so water users and producers can use it. He said the group would be working during the conference on finding ways to spread the information.
According to the USDA and Agricultural Research Service, the program is a cooperative project between the ARS laboratories at Bushland and Lubbock, Texas, and the four universities of Kansas State, Texas A M, Texas Tech and West Texas A M. The initiative consists of about 85 engineers and scientists assembled to address the problems associated with the decline of the aquifer in western Kansas and the Texas High Plains.
Program researchers, scientists, as well as area K-State Research and Extension agents, attended the conference. Groundwater managers also attended, with Clark saying the groundwater managers give researchers an idea of what they're dealing with in the field.
While the rate at which the aquifer's decline varies depending on the location in Kansas and Texas and the amount of usage, Mark Rude, director for Southwest Kansas Groundwater Management District No. 3, said "it's still declining."
According to the Kansas Water Office, on average over the entire Ogallala Aquifer in Kansas, the annual rate of decline is a foot to 1 1/2 feet when considering the whole region over the last 50 years. However, the average isn't true of all areas of the aquifer in the state. Some places have declined more than that, some haven't, and there are time periods when some areas have declined more or less depending on conditions, use and time.
The problems and issues, according to the group, are the Ogallala Aquifer "is declining at an unacceptable rate;" agriculture irrigation use accounts for nearly 90 percent of the groundwater withdrawals in many areas of the aquifer region; rural communities depend on sustainable agricultural enterprises for their viability; and water availability, cost and policy, together with technology development and adoption rates, will shape the rural landscape in the future.
The program was formed in March 2003 and operates on an annual budget of more than $3 million. The program had its first workshop in December 2003 and then its first Garden City workshop in March 2005, returning Tuesday for the three-day program conference at the Clarion Inn. The program saw a decrease in its budget in 2008 and again in 2009, but still has funds to operate, Clark said.
To help parts of the aquifer become sustainable over time, Clark said, it takes research on how to use less water, educating users on conserving and using less, and providing information to policy makers on how they regulate the water usage. As Clark puts it, people will drive 80 mph unless you tell them they have to drive 60 mph.
The researchers, scientists and others, including area groundwater managers, Clark said, are coming together this week to pool their expertise and share what they've learned in working toward the eventual goal of sustainability and other forms of usage and conservation for the aquifer.
"This is not a fast process," Clark said of reducing aquifer decline, adding drought conditions in the region have increased the interest in reducing aquifer decline and hopefully leading to some form of sustainability.
Researchers are working on developing new ways of irrigating crops, including automatic irrigation scheduling going wireless. According to the program, irrigation efficiency, in terms of water use and labor, can be increased through the use of new technology. Infrared thermocouples (IRTs) can detect crop water stress remotely by measuring the crop's leaf canopy. However, wired IRTs are cumbersome for growers to set up, maintain and dismantle in a commercial system. Scientists developed a prototype wireless sensor device -- the technology, the group reports, will help commercialization of automatic irrigation scheduling using sensor network systems.
The group also is looking at the breeding of new plant types that use less water.
"That's just a sample," Clark said.
The program has seven priority areas: economic assessments of water management strategies; improved management of irrigation technologies; development of new irrigation technologies; the integration of crop, forage and livestock production systems; development of databases and models to describe the hydrology and climatology of the region; development of training and educational materials to enhance the knowledge base of producers, water professionals and policy makers; and developing new technology to reduce water use in animal feeding operations.
Susan Stover, with the Kansas Water Office, presented Tuesday to the group, and said the aquifer still is declining and that sustainability in the aquifer is too much to ask at this point. It's a goal outside the aquifer, she said, but recharge in places of the aquifer ranges only a quarter inch to an inch a year.
Instead, she said, reducing decline will partly come through finding varied uses, aside from agriculture, for the water and helping extend the usable life of the aquifer.
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